Diagnostic of cryptorchidism in horses.

Cryptorchidism in horses is the most common congenital malformation, caused by a failure descent of testicles from abdominal cavity into scrotum. As result, there partial or complete loss reproductive potential although production and secretion steroid sex hormones anti-Mueller hormone, as well behavioral characteristics stallion, are maintained. The exact location undescended testis established through thorough clinical examination interior (of cryptorchid horse), supported an ultrasound inguinal region, transrectal visualization bladder area inner ring canal. results several genetic studies suggest basis for cryptorchidism. In particularly difficult cases suspected cryptorchidism (hemi-castrated animals without known history), it necessary to determine androgenic hormone levels level perform testosterone stimulation test with hCG induction (Cox test). retained testicle needs be before surgical removal so that optimal decisions can made regarding technique procedure selection appropriate anaesthesia.